The Human Development Report 2011 released by UNDP(United Nations Development Programme) confirmed the well known fact once again that the economic growth in India is not helping in improving the quality of life for the vast majority of the people.
As per this report, India is at 134th rank in the Global Human Development Index (HDI) among 187 countries. The HDI is prepared keeping in view the progress achieved by the concerned country in education, health and income.
Among the Asian countries India is behind China, Srilanka, Mongolia, Vietnam, Maldives etc in HDI index.
India has “ the world’s largest number of multidimensional poor “ numbering 612 million, more than half of its population. The Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI) examines factors such as health services, access to clean water and cooking fuels, plus basic household goods and home construction standards. In South Asia, 97% of the multidimensional poor lack access to clean drinking water, toilets,or modern cooking fuel.
India ranked 129th among 146 nations in the GII(Gender Inequality Index). Indian woman lack significantly behind men in education, parliamentary representation and labour force participation.
India lags behind Srilanka and even Bangladesh, in the basic indicators like life expectancy at birth and average years of schooling.
India has a per capita GDP(Gross Domestic Product) of $3296 whereas Vietnam has only $2953. But Vietnam is at a higher index of HDI(Human Development Index) of 0.593 whereas India is at a lower index of 0.547. The gender inequality value in Vietnam is 0.305 whereas it is more in India at 0.617. The multidimensional poverty index is lower in Vietnam at 0.084 and in India it is higher at 0.283. The environmental performance index is higher in Vietnam at 59.0 whereas in India it is lower at 48.3. The overall life satisfied index in Vietnam is higher at 5.3 compared to India at 5.0.Adult literacy in Vietnam is 92.8% whereas in india it is 62.8%.
Why Vietnam with a lower per capita GDP compared to India is having a higher Human Development compared to India? The public expenditure i.e expenditure incurred by the Government in Vietnam on education is 7.2% of its GDP and on health also it is 7.2% of GDP. On the other hand the expenditure incurred by the Government in India is 4.2% of GDP on health and another 4.2% of GDP on education.
Thus it is clear that unless the Government expends more on health, education, and sanitation for the ordinary people, India will lag behind in human development inspite economic growth.
కామెంట్లు లేవు:
కామెంట్ను పోస్ట్ చేయండి